Правила использования инфинитива с частицей to в английском языке

Инфинитив – неопределенная форма глагола – с частицей to будет использоваться в следующих случаях:

Для объяснения цели / причины действия (infinitive of purpose)

Например:    

• I went to London to study English.
• She went to the bakery to buy some bread.

Иногда перед инфинитивом может стоять in order или so as:

• He did it in order to help her.

Инфинитив также используется после союзов how, what, who, where, when, whether, особенно при использовании таких глаголов, как know, decide, ask, learn, remember и т.д.

К примеру:    

• I didn’t know what to say.

• He doesn’t know where to go.

• She hasn’t decided yet what to buy.

• Tell me how to get there, please.

Неопределённую форму глагола с частицей to также будем использовать после прилагательных, как в этих примерах:

• I am so happy to see you!

• He was surprised to hear that.

• She is afraid to go there.

• It’s too late to go there.

• It was too cold to go jogging.

• It’s easy to learn English.

Инфинитив можно использовать после порядковых числительных, например: first, second или после слов next, last:

• He is always the first to come to the parties.
• I was the last to leave.

Инфинитив может использоваться также после неопределённых местоимений something, nothing, somewhere, anyone, nobody и т.д. для пояснений и конкретизации

Например:    

• Let me grab something to eat.
• It’s boring. There’s absolutely nothing to do!
• There’s no one to be seen.

Инфинитив также используется после следующих глаголов:

advise	They advised me not to pay cash.
afford	Max can’t afford to buy this car.
agree	She agreed to give a presentation at the meeting on Friday.
allow	The boss allowed me to leave work early today.
appear	He appears to get better.
arrange	July arranged to stay with her aunt in Florida.
ask	I asked him to help.
be able	I’m sure John will be able to get the tickets for us.
beg	He begged her to stay but she refused.
choose	Max has chosen to leave for Oxford.
claim	She claimed to be a Russian princess.
decide	We decided to go out for dinner.
demand	He demanded to speak to the manager.
deserve	He deserves to have a better life.
enable	The scholarship enabled Max to study abroad.
encourage	My parents always encouraged me to ask questions.
expect	He expected to fail the exam. Everybody expected Max to give a presentation.
force	You can’t force me to make a decision.
forget	Don’t forget to turn off the lights and lock the door. I forgot to turn my mobile off.
help	He helped to clean the living room. He helped me to clean the living room.
hope	Mary hopes to pass the exam.
intend	We intended to visit London.
invite	The Browns invited us to go away for the weekend.
learn	I want to learn to drive.
manage	He managed to get 2 tickets for the concert.
mean	I meant to call you, I’m sorry I didn’t.
need	I need to go to the pharmacy.
offer	Max offered to give Mary a lift to the airport.
persuade	He persuaded me to come to the party.
plan	She plans to go on holiday to Greece next year.
prepare	The students prepared to take the test. The teacher prepared the students to take the test.
pretend	He pretended not to see me.
promise	He promised to pay me back, but he hasn’t done it yet.
recommend	He recommended me to take some cash.
refuse	The guard refused to let them enter the building.
remember	Remember to buy a present for Aunt Mary.
remind	Remind me to post this letter, will you?
seem	He seemed to be disappointed with the test results.
start	The baby started to cry.
teach	Mrs. Rose taught me to play the piano.
tell	He told the kids to be quiet.
tend	She tends to be quite shy.
try	Ben’s trying to repair the car himself.
wait	I’ll wait to see what will happen next.
want	I want to attend the concert. I want him to attend the concert, too.
warn	They warned us not to eat local food which might upset our stomachs.
would like	I’d like to have a bigger house.

Использовано:School фото создан(а) freepik – ru.freepik.com